Luness
StracciaStella- Stripchat Strip Rec — Aug 25, 2026 (5:48)
More from StracciaStella-
- Date
- Aug 25, 2026
- Platform
- Stripchat
- Duration
- 5:48
- Resolution
- 768x1024
- File size
- 15.0 MB
- Bitrate
- 361 kbps
- Video codec
- av1
- FPS
- 90000
- Audio
- aac / 48,000 Hz / stereo
- Category
- Couple
